Wal Mart - 1969 Words

1. Functionalist questions a. What are the functions of Wal-Mart for society? Wal-Mart is an American multinational retail corporation and one of the leading discount department retail stores (Wikipedia). It is the highest- grossing company in the United States (Fortune 2008a), and is by far one of the most successful companies worldwide. Wal-Mart offers a place to buy the majority of our goods under one roof like electronics, furniture, clothing, pharmacy, sports, food, books etc. Wal-Mart sells good at lower price than the others and this is even shown by its slogan â€Å"save money, live better†. It drives out smaller and sometimes even the expensive stores out of business due to its lower prices. Wal-Mart provides jobs for thousands of†¦show more content†¦However rather than Wal-Mart itself doing this it is the Wal-Mart effect’. The class inequalities are increased because of pressure on wages brought about by their outsourcing policies class. Whereas on the other hand gender inequality has increase as Wal-Mart provide flexible pa rt time work which are found easily accessible by women because they are the primary workers in the home. This perpetuates racial inequalities in our society and pushes poor ethnic communities in a cycle of poverty. d. Does Wal-Mart contribute to conflict between unequal groups in our society? If so, how? Wal-Mart being one of the big company get its supplies cheaply and in a large quantity. This disables other supermarkets to compete with Wal-Mart. Where ever a Wal-Mart opens, many other stores close down because all their customers have been stolen by Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart doesn’t pay its employees enough money to support their families’ because the wages are not designed to support a family. Even though, it can afford wage increases they still don’t do it. e. How might Wal-Mart contribute to social change, or the amelioration of inequalities in society? Wal-Mart is an outlet store that provides access to high quality goods like food for families in poor areas. Wal-Mart could contribute to social change or the amelioration of inequalities in society which should become at least 10% of its net profit around the world in social donations. 3. InteractionistShow MoreRelatedWal-Mart1786 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Wal-Mart is a company based in North America but has become the largest retailer and is larger than any other retail chain in the world. It is clear that Wal-Mart is growing and gaining international power at an alarming rate. Wal-Mart journey from humble beginnings in the 1960s as a folksy discount retailer in the boondocks of Arkansas to a global retailing juggernaut in 2008 was unprecedented among the company of the world: Sales were expected to exceed $400 billion in fiscal 2009. Wal-MartRead MoreThe Wal Mart Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesSam Walton is the originator of the Wal-Mart Stores in 1962. It has its central command situated in Bentonville Arkansas. Wal-Mart Store is an American – universal retail organization, that runs vast stockroom and departmental stores. It is positioned as the biggest private manager around the world, having utilized more than two million individuals. It is situated in more than 50 states in America. The organization s administrations are offered in around 15 nations around the world. It has aroundRead MoreWal-Mart Positive1372 Words   |  6 PagesMay 2011 Wal-Mart’s Positive Effect on a Community   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When it comes to shopping for clothes, groceries, and other belongings; there is one question customers must ask themselves. Do you shop with your head or your heart? Shopping with you head refers to looking for discounts and saving as much money as you can while, shopping with your heart is going to a local store and paying extra to support a family owned business. Most respond with saving money and getting discounts. Wal-Mart is one ofRead MoreWal-Mart Background974 Words   |  4 PagesCompany background Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer by annual sales and number of employees, tracing its history back to 1962 when it was first opened in US (guardian.co.uk). Wal-Mart operates in 27 countries worldwide under 69 different names including the acquisition of ASDA in the UK. Wal-Mart has reached $1bn in sales in 1980 and reached $414bn in 2012 and is currently employing 2.2 million employees worldwide. Wal-Marts stores offer merchandise such as housewares, electronics, smallRead MoreThe Success Of Wal Mart3036 Words   |  13 PagesMission Wal-Mart Stores have been around for more than 50 years, opening the first store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. After an early success of a small dime store Mr. Sam Walton wanted to expand on his business knowledge and liked the idea of living in a small town where he and his wife could enjoy a small town living. Through the success of Wal-Mart Stores create lower cost and great service to its customers, Mr. Walton opened the Sam’s Club franchise and even making some of the Wal-Mart storesRead More WAL-MART Essays584 Words   |  3 Pages Wal-Mart Is Wal-Mart good for communities, or is Wal-Mart a wolf in sheeps clothing? With a gross annual sales of over $67 billion and more than 2,000 stores, Wal-Mart is one of the biggest corporations in the United States. Wal-Mart opens a new store once every two days in small communities and cities across the United States, however, are these stores good for these communities, or are they wrecking havok? When you look down at the fine print Wal-Mart doesnt earn its money it steals itRead MoreIntroduction to Wal Mart1125 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart Story Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the worlds largest public corporation by revenue and is founded by Sam Walton in 1962. It is the largest private employer in the world and the fourth largest utility or commercial employer. Wal-Mart is the largest grocery retailer in the United States, with an estimated 20% of the retail grocery and consumables business, as well as the largest toy seller in theRead MoreThe Case Of Wal Mart1119 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we hear someone say they need to go to the grocery store, what is the first place that comes to mind? For most of us, it is Wal Mart. From its market end, to its home and beauty supply, all the way to its lawn and garden department, Wal Mart has been ordained one of the most profitable companies in the entire world. But it did not start out that way. With a dream, determination, leadership, and some sweat, Sam Walton, made a small mom and pop store int o the multibillion dollar company it isRead MoreEssay on Wal-Mart690 Words   |  3 Pages Case Analysis: Wal-Mart History/Development/Growth Sam Walton founded wal-Mart in 1962. Much of Wal-Mart’s success can be attributed to him. He was very simple and ran his company that way. He emphasized hard work and ambition. When the company was in its earlier stages he made it a point to visit every Wal-Mart once a year. He didn’t just visit each Wal-Mart and talk with management. He would lead a cheer with the associates. The term associates, which he picked up from his experience workingRead MoreWal Mart Vs. K Mart3174 Words   |  13 PagesWal-Mart vs. K-Mart Introduction of the Wal-Mart Company â€Å"A megacorporation with sales that consistently rank it as the number-one or number-two publicly traded company in the United States and in the world, Wal-Mart has impacted wage rates, prices, and economies on a local, national, and global scale. It is arguably the world s most important privately controlled economic institution. It not only has no rivals, it actually influences the prices set by its suppliers and has often seemed impervious

election of 1932 Essay - 641 Words

Harleigh Little Ms. Armstrong US History 17 November 2013 Election of 1932 and 2008 The elections of 1932 and 2008 have many similarities regarding the economic state of America. Before the election of 1932, Hoover was president and everyone blamed him for the Great Depression. This will cause him to lose the election of 1932. Hoover tried to help but it was too late. FDR will win the election and change the economy around. This effects the decision of the election of 2008. Hoover, whom is known as â€Å"Lame Duck,† to the people didn’t help the people enough like he could have. Hoover helped establish the Federal Farm Board, which offered loans and financed creation of farmers’ cooperations. The plan failed, and the farmers†¦show more content†¦He was far way better than Hoover. As a result, FDR won the election of 1932 carrying 42 of the 48 states. FDR became so popular and won America’s heart that he won the re-election against Alfred Landon in the election of 1936. The Americans loved FDR because he actually helped the people and made a drastic change in their lives. The number one issue in the election of 2008 was the economy just like in the 20s. America blamed Bush for the economy being so bad. Bush was also a republican just like Hoover. The candidates of the election of 2008 were McCain whom was republican and Obama whom was democrat. They didn’t want a republican as president, this would be a pattern because Hoover was republican and he made the economy worse so instead they voted for FDR whom represented the democrats and he changed the economy greatly so therefore the Americans voted for democrat again since the economy was so bad and thought a democrat could change the economy again. As a result, Obama won the election of 2008. In conclusion, the elections of 1932 and 2008 have many similarities regarding the economy. Before the election of 1932, Hoover was president and everyone blamed him for the Great Depression. This caused him to lose the election of 1932 to FDR. Hoover’s efforts in trying to help didn’t compare to the efforts of FDR. FDR won the election and changed the economy around. This effected the decision of the election of 2008 because FDR wasShow MoreRelatedThe United States 1932 Election Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States 1932 Election Many historians believe that the 1932 election was a popularity competition, with the prize being the chief of the white house. This is because they thought that Hoovers inability to revive the depressed economy, and his lack of a personality that reaches out to the average American, provided Roosevelt (who was very popular) with a path to victory. I shall discuss this view, with points in favour and points that argue Roosevelt had anRead MoreWhat Is The Election Of 1932?959 Words   |  4 Pages That September of 1932 the only thing on people’s minds was the upcoming election between Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt. â€Å"So Dad, how do you feel about this election coming up?† I asked as I sit down for dinner that night. Looking at my plate I see some boiled potatoes and small amount of chicken. â€Å"I feel like Roosevelt is going to win by a long shot, considering Hoover’s history so far.† He answered, taking a swig of water. â€Å"Hoover told us not to panic because this would all smoothRead MoreThe Election Of 1932 : Herbert Hoover And Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesThe two candidates in the election of 1932 were Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. It took place in the middle of the Great Depression and is one of the most known elections there is to date. When the stock market crashed and the banks went out of business everyone started losing their job, which lead to their house being repossessed and having nowhere to live. Turning to the government, citizens of the United States searched for guidance through their hard times. It was obvious by Hoover’sRead MoreWhy Did Franklin D. Roosevelt Win the 1932 Presidential Election?731 Words   |  3 PagesWhy did Franklin D. Roosevelt win the 1932 presidential election? Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election reasons. His margin of victory over Herbert Hoover was the largest in recorded history up to that time. One of the foremost reasons why Roosevelt won was because people believed that he could take America out of the Great Depression unlike Hoover. They believe he will take real action to deal with the Depression. His policies and ideals were much more popular and suitable forRead MoreLiberal Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Conservative Herbert C. Hoover1534 Words   |  7 PagesHoover nor President Roosevelt can strictly be characterized as one term or another. Today, President Herbert Hoover would likely be characterized as a conservative. He believed in less government participation in the people’s daily life. In his 1928 election speech, Hoover stated that â€Å"Every step of bureaucratizing of the business of our country poisons the very roots of liberalism.† As government gets bigger, more offices, agencies, and rules are needed to allow the government to run its affairs. ThisRead MoreReasons Why Roosevelt Introduced the New Deal Essay677 Words   |  3 Pagesunemployed , but by 1932 over 12 million people were unemployed. When Hoover tried to solve things it made no difference, or in some cases made it worse. In 1930 he put taxes on good imported to America, so that instead of buying foreign goods, which would now be dearer, people would buy Americas own goods. However this did not work; because other countries then put taxes on products coming from America. The ex-WWI soldiers were promised a $500 bonus, and in 1932, 25 000 peopleRead MoreEssay on President Hoovers Lack of Action in the 1920s1389 Words   |  6 Pages(Hughes 1). Hoover said, â€Å"The government should only be used as an umpire in business affairs† (Gerdes 30). Hoover started to use the government as an employer, and created massive public works for the people to find work (Warren 119). The Revenue Act of 1932 enacted the largest peacetime tax increase in United States history. This was meant to design increase federal revenue by taxing wealthiest benefactors up to 63% of their salaries and taxing corporations up to 13.75%.He worked his tail off to pullRead MorePresident Hoover And The Great Depression1748 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy, which started the depression. From small to big business most of the institutions that depended on the economy fail down one by one. This downfall immediately led to the exponential change in the unemployment rate from 3 % in 1929 to 23 % in 1932. Ame rican’s across the country did not just lose their jobs but also their entire savings and homes,following the crash of banks and financial institution. Many americans became homeless and had nothing to eat. They would stand in what’s called a breadRead MoreThe Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesalso became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Depression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effects of the depression. These Ideas were a set of programs intended to fix the depression and prevent futureRead MoreThe Wall Street Crash of 19291326 Words   |  6 Pagescatastrophe would later be known as The Great Depression. The man respon sible and credited with the United States’ economic recovery was Franklin D. Roosevelt, who assumed presidency of the United States a few years after the crash. During the elections, of 1932, Roosevelt promised to lead the country out of its turmoil and desperation, to bring back the country’s former glory. However, the only information normally given to us in a textbook or television show is of President Roosevelt’s successful

Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology) Free Essays

There are Four Methods that conducted on the laboratories in order to detect the presence of microorganisms. There are Rodac Method, Swab Method, Rinse Method, and lastly Open Dish Method and it will be discussed in detail below. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology) or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1 Rodac Method The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure is to describe a program that will adequately measure the efficacy of disinfection of Rooms and equipment in each laboratory, RODAC plates can detect the presence or absence of live microorganisms (Longree and Armbruster 1996). This Method is used to monitor the contamination level of personnel gowns and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) before or during manufacturing production. The advantages of the RODAC method are that it may be prepared and stored for weeks prior to use (Harrigan 1986). Additional advantages of the RODAC method include relatively low cost, consistent and precise recovery, effective use by personnel without extensive training, and the elimination of laboratory manipulation after sampling (Marriott and Gravani 2006). On the other hand, the disadvantages of this method are the spreading of the colonies and applicable to only limited to low levels of surface contaminants. 2. 1. 2 Swab Method The Swab method is among the most Reproducible Methods used to determine the population of microorganisms present on equipment or food products (Marriott and Gravani 2006). It may be used to assess the amount of contamination from the air, water, surfaces, facilities and food products. By using this technique the equipment surfaces, facilities and food products which to be analyzed are swabbed. The swab are diluted in a dilutant such as peptone water or phosphate buffer, according to the anticipated amount of contamination and subsequently applied to a growth medium containing agar in a sterile, covered plate (David, Richard and R. 2004). There are many advantages to the cotton swab method. These include the ease with which any health care provider can procure the necessary items: a CTA or culturette transport medium (Longree and Armbruster 1996). In addition, the method requires little expertise, with minimal training time required, and very little time required to actually perform the procedure. On the other hand, Disadvantages of the swab method are that sampling and technique can affect the results and that the method requires manipulation to culture the sample. Swabs are designed for hard-to-reach places, and can fit easily into equipment recesses, nooks, and crevices (Tamime 2008). After collection of the sample, it is recommended that a standard membrane filtration of the rinse solution be conducted. 2. 1. 3 Rinse Method The Rinse Method use elution of contamination by rinsing to permit a microbial assay of the resultant suspension (Forsythe 2008). A sterile fluid is manually or mechanically agitated over an entire surface. The rinse fluid then diluted and subsequently plated, this method are more precise compared to the swab method, because a larger surface area can be tested (David, Richard and R. 2004). While the disadvantages is that it requires time and labor to prepare solutions and media, dilute samples, pour plate samples, and count colony-forming units on the plates. 2. 1. 4 Open Dish Method The principle behind this method is that the bacteria carrying particles are allowed to settle onto the medium for a given period of time and incubated at the required temperature. A count of colonies formed shows the number of settled bacteria containing particles (David, Richard and R. 2004). In this method petri dishes containing an agar medium of known surface area are selected so that the agar surface is dry without any moisture. Choice of the medium depends upon the kind of microorganisms to be enumerated. For an overall count of pathogenic, commensal and saprophytic bacteria in air blood agar can be used (Longree and Armbruster 1996). For detecting a particular pathogen which may be present in only small numbers, an appropriate selective medium may be used. Malt extract agar can be used for molds. The plates are labeled appropriately about the place and time of sampling, duration of exposure etc. Then the plates are uncovered in the selected position for the required period of time. The optimal duration of exposure should give a significant and readily countable number of well isolated colonies, for example about 30-100 colonies (McLandsborough 2003). Usually it depends on the dustiness of air being sampled. In occupied rooms and hospital wards the time would generally be between 10 to 60 ‘minutes (McLandsborough 2003). During sampling it is better to keep the plates about I meter above the ground. Immediately after exposure for the given period of time, the plates are closed with the lids. Then the plates are incubated for 24 hours at 37Â °C for aerobic bacteria and for 3 days at 22Â °C for saprophytic bacteria (McLandsborough 2003). 2. 2 Group of microbes that often exist in the room and equipment The normal tendency of a microbial cell when it comes in contact with a solid surface is to attach itself to the surface in an effort to compete ef? ciently with other microbial cells for space and nutrient supply and to resist any unfavorable environ-mental conditions (Adams and Moss 2000). Under suitable conditions, almost all microbial cells can attach to solid surfaces, which are achieved through their ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides. As the cells multiply, they form micro colonies, giving rise to a bio? lm on the surface containing microbial cells, extracellular polysaccharide glycocalyx, and entrapped debris. In some situations, instead of forming a bio? lm, the cells may attach to contact surfaces and other cells by thin, thread like exopolysaccharide materials, also called ? mbriae (Lappin-Scott and J. 1995). Attachment of microorganisms on solid surfaces has several implications on the overall microbiological quality of food. Microbial attachment to and bio? lm formation on solid surfaces provide some protection of the cells against physical removal of the cells by washing and cleaning. These cells seem to have greater resistance to sanitizers and heat. Thus, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms attached to food surfaces, such as carcasses, ? sh, meat, and cut fruits and vegetables, cannot be easily removed by washing, and later they can multiply and reduce the safety and stability of the foods (Hui 2003). Similarly, microbial cells attached to a culture broth. These places, in turn, can be a constant source of undesirable microorganisms to foods handled in the environment. The concept and importance of microbial attachment and bio? lm formation in solid food, equipment, and food environments are now being recognized (Loken 1995). Limited studies have shown that under suitable conditions, many of the microorganisms important in food can form a bio? lm. Several species and strains of Pseudomonas were found to attach to stainless steel surfaces, some within 30 min at 25oC to 2 hour at 4oC (Stanga 2009). Listeria monocytogenes was found to attach to stainless steel, glass, and rubber surfaces within 20 min of contact. Attachment of several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria has also been demonstrated on meat and carcasses of poultry, beef, pork, and lamb (Stanga 2009). The microorganisms found to attach to meat surfaces include Lis. monocytogenes, Micrococcus spp. , Staphylococcus spp. , Clostridium spp. , Bacillusspp. , Lactobacillus spp. , Brochothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella spp. , Escherichiacoli, Serratia spp. , and Pseudomonas spp (Tamime 2008). It is apparent from the limited data that microbial attachment to solid food and food contact surfaces is quite wide and needs to be considered in controlling the microbiological quality of food. Several possible mechanisms by which microbial cells attach and form a bio? lm on solid surfaces have been suggested. One suggestion is that the attachment occurs in two stages. In the ? rst stage, which is reversible, a cell is held to the surface by weak forces (Cramer 2006). In the second stage, a cell produces complex polysaccharide molecules to attach its outer surface to the surface of a food or equipment, and the process is irreversible. A three-step process that includes adsorption, consolidation, and colonization has been suggested by others (Cramer 2006). In the reversible adsorption stage, which can occur in 20 min, the cells attach loosely to the surface. During the consolidation stage, the microorganisms produce threadlike exopolysaccharides ? mbriae and ? rmly attach the cells to the surface. At this stage, the cells cannot be removed by rinsing (Marriott and Gravani 2006). In the colonization stage, which is also irreversible, the complex polysaccharides may bind to metal ions on equipment surfaces and the cells may metabolize products that can damage the surfaces. The level of attachment of microorganisms to food-processing equipment surfaces is found to be directly related to contact time. As the contact time is prolonged, more cells attach to the surface, the size of the microcolony increases, and attachment between cells increases (Loken 1995). Fimbriae formation by the cells occurs faster at optimum temperature and pH of growth. Limited studies also showed that when microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fragi and Lis. monocytogenes are grown together, they form a more complex bio? lm than when either is grown separately (Stanga 2009). Bibliography Adams, M. R. , and M. O. Moss. Food Microbiology. Winnipeg: Royal Society Of chemistry, 2000. Cramer, Michael M. Food Plant Sanitation: Design, Maintenance, and Good Manufacturing Practices. New York: CRC Press, 2006. David, McSwane, Linton Richard, and Rue Nancy R. Essentials of Food Safety and Sanitation. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. Entis, Phyllis. Food Safety: Old Habits and New Perspectives. ASM Press, 2007. Forsythe, Stephen J. The Microbiology of Safe Food. Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. Harrigan, Wilkie F. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Chicago: Academic Press, 1986. Hui, Yiu H. Food plant sanitation. Marcel Dekker Press, 2003. Lappin-Scott, Hilary M. and J. William Costerton. Microbial Biofilms . Cambridge University Press, 1995. Loken, Joan K. The HACCP Food Safety Manual. New York: Wiley Publisher, 1995. Longree, Karla, and Gertrude Armbruster. Quantity Food Sanitation. London: Wiley, 1996. Marriott, Norman G. , and Robert B. Gravani. Principles of Food Sa nitation. Springer Press, 2006. McLandsborough, Lynne. Food Microbiology Laboratory. New York: CRC Press, 2003. Stanga, Mario. Sanitation: Cleaning and Disinfection in the Food Industry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2009. Tamime, Adnan. CLEANING-IN-PLACE: Dairy, Food and Beverage Operations. Wiley-Blackwell Publisher, 2008. Anita How to cite Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology), Papers

Cats And Dogs Essay Example For Students

Cats And Dogs Essay I am going to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between dogs and cats. The similarities are innumerable, yet this holds true with the differences as well. First, we shall discuss the similarities that these two creatures share. One of the most obvious similarities between these two animals is that they both have hair. They are also domesticated animals kept as pets. They require love and affection from their owner, and can show love and affection If you show it towards them. Another thing is that when you pet them, not only does it relieve stress, it gets dog or cat hair everywhere. In the character of Madame Defarge the oppressed, defiant woman, and the unceasingly and remorseless bloodthirsty are represented. Madame Defarge was fueled by her hatred of the aristocracy, just as the peasants and poor ction and