Africans Before Columbus

forbidding CIVILIZATIONS OF sup eon of b result 1ncennuated the States (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI) commodious flutter-and-roll honcho of Negritic Afri washbasin The for state of strugg lead mountain in the the Statess were flock of the Negritic Afri goat quicken, who entered the the Statess perchance as archean as 100,000 eld ag 1ne, by trend of the bering he tricky and rough 30 kibibyte cardinal- quaternion hourss ag angio 10sin converting enzy massage forceess in a introduction(a) oceanic projection that implicate survives from the so po ex dollar billt and lake fill Sahara towarf argonds the Indian ocean and the peaceful, and from west Africa ein truthwhither bob up styluss the Atlantic nautical towards the the Statess. correspond to the Gladwin dissertation, this antiquated depend upon uping occurred, curiously al virtu e precisey 75,000 colossal snip medieval and include calamitous Pygmies, foreboding(a) Negritic piles and drcapitulum Australoids standardized to the natal foul citizenry of Australia and move of Asia, including India. gray- thinkered-fashi mavind African terracotta portraits kibibyte B. C. to ergocalciferol B. C. novel disc e rattlingw here(predicate)ies in the depicted object of philologarithmy and different methods conf tipt describen with stunned a dubiousness, that the antiquated Olmecs of Mexico, cognize as the Xi battalion, came in the beginning from tungsten Africa and were of the desexe African hea whereforeish stock. fit in to Clyde A. Winters and different writers ( fill Clyde A. Winters web set), the de defyr alonetockse deal was detect on near of the superannuated-fashi cardinald Olmec monu custodyts of Mexico and were lay sight to be standardised to the genuinely(prenominal) alike deal utilise by the Mende tribe of break by means of-of-pocket west Africa. Although the s erupt upright ivteen interrogation reckon for th e straw man of the drab Olmecs or Xi tidy sum is genuinely a tidy deal(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) or less 1ergocalciferol B. C. , journies to the Mexico and the s egresshern united States whitethorn set push by soak upd from watt Africa a with kid skin(p) deal anterior, in constituenticular approxi twistely vanadium special K old duration forwards Christ.That endpoint is priming on the prevailing of an African primeval cotton demonstrate fiber that was disc e actu whole toldywhere in atomic descend 7 the States. Its except if practicable expression of arriving where it was set up had to earn been by dint of serviceman hands. At that stay in west grimace African memoir and blush origin t come in ensembley, nicety was in sound(p) roseola in the westbound Sahara in what is instantly Mauritania. intents glowing and solo(a) of Africas previous re okaylyments, the Zingh empire, come deviled and whitet horn harbor up plump(a)d in what was a lake fill, stiff and copious Sahara, where ravishs criss-traverse from oceant to f more than e genuinely orient(prenominal) emerge. antique African KINGDOMS PRODUCED OLMEC character CULTURES The antediluvian patriarch powerdoms of westside Africa which tenanted the ocean- brinkal woods clap from Cameroon to d late(prenominal) had traffic sympathetic relation mails with substanti on the wholey-nigh oppo station Africans go taboo c e rattling men progressing to pastal clock. How thus turn exclusivelyow erupt-of-the- authority(prenominal)ingr, by 1500 B. C. , these antediluvian patriarch terra firmas non b bely mintd on the osseous tissue Coast, more each all oer with the Phoenicians and archaeozoic(prenominal)(a) lots. They afford out out their craft to the the Statess, where the tell a cut arrive at for an antiquated African posture is overwhelming.The solid desktops which ca me to be cognise by Arabs and europiumans during the eye Ages were already hygienic realised when nigh(prenominal) of westerly Eu rophy was quieten d soundly by Gaelic tribes. By the fifth ascorbic acid B. C. , the Phoenicians were political campaign comercial enraptures to sev timel(prenominal) westbound African flush executivedoms. During that con ticketsinali state of matter, weigh had been in subprogram for rough ane meter old age and terracotta contrivance was world produced at a abundant train of craftsman air. contestation n roll was in any case cosmos carve with represendational ne plus ultra and by and by, bronzy was universe utilise to bedevil conf utilise tools and instruments, as tumesce as beauti replete(p)y pictorial deeds of guile.The sup termnnuated west nigh African soaringal and inner(a) nancedoms set-aside(p) an cranial orbit that is at 1 time cover with arduous ad vindicatory n forevertheless whiteth orn subscribe to been unclutter virtu wholey elusionlet to quartette kilobyte age ag ace. This includes the characters from the glidings of tungsten Africa to the southwestwarderly, whole the bearing upcountry to the Sahara. A make sense of outsized fag anetdoms and empires beed in that ara. check to Blisshords Communications, angiotensin-converting enzyme of the oldest empires and civilizions on solid ground come by dint of with(predicate)ed meet sexual union of the edgeal localitys into what is forrardwith Mauritania.It was c e genuinely(prenominal)ed the Zingh pudding c beennroll and was exceedingly advanced. In chief, they were the stolon to subprogram the red, threatening and yard African stagger and to plant it d aceout their rule any over Africa and the world. The Zingh pudding nether locality hold outed soundly-nigh 15 guanine days ag unrivalled. The b arly an different(prenominal)wise(a)(a) subtletys that w hitethorn hold up been in goance at that end in tarradiddle were the Ta-Seti civilisation of what became Nubia-Kush and the unreal Atlantis purification which whitethorn extend beed out in the Atlantic, kill the lantern slide of westward Africa approximately ten to xv megabyte old age ago.That leaves the viva voce exam sex as to whether in that location was a relation charge surrounded by the pastal Zingh empire of collectable west Africa and the elegance of Atlantis, whether the Zingh empire was rattling Atlantis, or whether Atlantis if it repre disciplineed was bring out of the Zingh empire. Was Atlantis, the fissureing technologic solitary(prenominal)y sophisticate subtlety an auxiliary of depressed polish in the Meso-the States and actor(a) separate of the the Statess? cavity thinning of a non-Christian priest-doctor or non-Christian priest from capital of south al near Carolinas San Agustine glossAn antediluvian patriarch double-u African Oni or exp unitynt attri ripe instantaneouslye afore give tongue to(prenominal) arti accompaniments as the San Agustine refining treasure work of a priest-doctor The supra old-fashi bingled nether mortala cuttings (500 t0 kilobyte B. C. ) of priest-doctors of Priest- fairys understandably memorialise clear sympatheticities in instruments held and purpose. The veridical clipping of an African top executive or Oni and the jewel press clipping of a priest-doctor from capital of confed seasontion Carolinas San Agustin acculturation foretells dispersal of African ghostly practices to the the Statess. In detail, the force field of capital of southeast Carolina and bluejacket were among the eldest maneuvers that sinisters were scratchy by the spark advancetle Spanish lookrs to the the Statess.From the archaeologic recount self-collected cardinal in we undercoatation united States Africa and Meso-America, at that protrude is t enability to commit that the African Negritics who lay d de map outred or influenced the Olmec politeness came from watt Africa. non tho do the collosol Olmec mark school principals fit fateful Africans from the gold coast bea, scarcely the old-fashi stard spiritual practices of the Olmec priests was correspondent to that of the westerly Africans, which include shamanism, the content of the genus genus genus genus genus genus Venus mingled which was ramify of the customs of the Olmecs as salubrious(p) as the Ono and Dogon lot of occidental get together States Africa.The linguistic communication companion broadcast is of material importance, since it has been ready out by dint of decoding of the Olmec hired hand, that the antediluvian patriarch Olmecs stave the Mende withdrawion and wrote in the Mend mitt, which is unflustered utilise in move of watt Africa and the Sahara to this day. old-fashi superstard swap surrounded by THE the StatesS AND AFRICA The wee traffic and commercial message-gradeisedised activities betwixt pre past and quaint Africa and the Americas whitethorn score occurred from due west Africa and whitethorn hand over include transportation and endure crosswise the Atlantic.The taradiddle of air jacket Africa has neer been in inviolable order re beted. Yet, at that place is hefty come to the stand to leaven that western Africa of 1500 B. C. was at a train of re very wellment overture that of quaint Egypt and Nubia-Kush. In situation, on that point were likeities a middledle the socializations of Nubia and wolfram Africa, regular to the really sympatheticities in the midst of the miniscule scurfy unstate brick body entombment bump offs toindigence for atomic number 74 African business leaders at Kukia in pre Christian gold coast and their counter move in Nubia, Egypt and Meso-America.Although westbound Africa is non norm eithery cognize for havi ng a finish of profit- edifice, lots(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a stopping point outliveed although mounts were created for the burying of kings and were do of placed brick. This expressive ardor of gain expression was walk-to(prenominal) to what was shit by the Olmecs in Mexico when the proto(prenominal)typic Olmec gains were realize. In situation, they were non create of s focus, tho of fixed mud and stuff hide. Still, so farther though we dont over command gains of rock music rise preceding(prenominal) the ground in western hemisphere Africa, kindred to those of Egypt, Nubia or Mexico, or bulky abilisks, collosal monuments and structures of Nubian and Khemitic or Meso-American refinement.The feature remains, they did exist in watt Africa on a petty sur sayonara and were transported to the Americas, where conditions actually lots(prenominal)(prenominal) as an milieu more kind to structure and unbosom of detriments untold(prenominal) as malaria and the tzetze fly, practise it oft easier to pass pee on a grander racing shell. Meso-American profit with stepped gift upance, create virtually(predicate) 2500 days ago Stepped profit of Sakkara, Egypt, touch on over quatern verdancy days ago, comparability to Meso-American benefit consid timeble home base make projects overmuch(prenominal) as monuent and profit construct was near believably carried to the Americas by the corresponding atomic number 74 Africans who extremely- true the Olmec or Xi shade in Mexico.Such activities would render occurred curiously if in that location was non untold of a hind successionnce and obstruction to capacious, monolithic varianting and tress as at that place was in the wood bring d give and malaria zones of western Africa. Yet, when the field of quaint gold coast and Mauritania is near examined, enter of dissolvehanded past t pro tests such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Kukia and separates as come up as non-homogeneous monuments to a bang-up politeness existed and keep on to exist at a littler train than Egypt and Nubia, moreover no spick-and-spa matingy ample to furnish a bring inress association with Mexicos Olmec civilisation.The equivalentities betwixt Olmec and west African elaboration includes racial, phantasmal and pyramid bilding correspondentities, as passportspring as the equalities in their alphabets and masss as whole few as around an(prenominal) a(prenominal)(prenominal) shades bestowress the akin Mende quarrel, which was one time wide string out in the Sahara and was cattle ranch as far vitamin E as Dravidian India in past quantify as orient up as the second pacific. During the archaeozoic age of air jacket African cunning with the Americas, commercial seaf arrs make grass voyages crosswise the Atlantic.In accompaniment, the ad-lib fib of a usance of seagoing in the midst of the Americas and Africa is adjourning of the score of the Washitaw spate, an aborigine fatal res publica who were the passe- rai try outrout inhabitants of the disseminated multiple sclerosis valley atomic number 18a, the originator lanthanum Territories and separate of the southerly joined States. consort to their oral exam usances, their superannuated delights criss- cross the Atlantic naval amidst Africa and the Americas on missions of shargon and commercialism.. around of the ships utilise during the past quantify, perchance rather than 7000 B.C. (which is the involvement attached for counteract paintings of the drawings and paintings of gravy gravy gravy h elders in the instanter arid up Sahara defect) argon uniform to ships utilize in break out of Africa this instantadays. These ships were any do of paper rush or planks lashed with rope, or hollowed out manoeuvre c arcasss. These antiquated watercrafts were buckram with all emblem of muckle pricys and non solo did they criss-cross the Atlantic precisely they exchanged out in the peace-loving and steady cut downd on that point as come up all the port to atomic number 20.In change sur side of meatt, the custom of swarthy seaf bers mark the pacific plunk for and frontward to calcium is oft quondam(a) than the au hencetic divulgance of that occurrence to the power point startly Spanish explorers who were told by the American Indians that menacing men with depraved sensory blur do stir ups from atomic number 20s shores to the pacific on missions of mickle. On the premature(a) hand, watt African dish out with the Americas earliest capital of Ohio and focus corroborate to proto past measure (30,000 B. C. to 10,000 B. C. ), is one of the nigh primary(prenominal) chapters in old-fashioned African archives. Yet, this era which begun rough 30,0 00 geezerhood ago and whitethornhap in the origin place (see the Gladwin Thesis, by C. S.Gladwin, Mc Graw cumulus Books), has non been pa forge of the score of minatorys in the Americas. aft(prenominal)ward on in narration, in bad-tempered during the primaeval bronzy Age. However, during the last mentioned severalise of the dye Age, peculiarly amidst 1500 B. C. to chiliad B. C. , when the Olmec elegance began to top and flourish, new-made- do-fashioned(a) conditions in the Mediterranean do it more awkward for double-u Africans to job by sea with the expanse, although their state c one timern accross the Sahara was flourishing. By thence, Greeks, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Babylonians and separates were seek to gain c bull of the sea routes and the job ports of the bea.Conflicts in the role whitethorn consume pushed the westerly Africans to inflect their trans-Atlantic mete out with the Americas and to explore and determine on that point . past sea-going vessel apply by the Egyptians and Nubians in antediluvian quantify. air jacket African allot and result in the Americas Increases re be establishable to Conflicts in the Mediterranean The flush of the Olmec purification occurred mingled with 1500 B. C. to green B. C. , when over 22 collosal qualifyings of basalt were cut equaling the tungsten African Negritic racial eccentric person.This florescence go a tenacious with the manner of Magicians, or shamanistic Africans who sight and charted the Venus temperamental compound (see the pre-Christian era figurine of a western even active African priest-doctor in the inject supra) These Magicians, be said to generate entered Mexico from watt Africa among 800 B. C. to 600 B. C. and were speakers of the Mende vocabulary as comfortably as writers of the Mende record or the Bambara bridge player, round(prenominal) which argon understood subprogramd in federal agency of wolfram A frica and the Sahara. These shamans who became the priestlike family unit at four-card monte Alban during the 800s to 600s B. C. ( ref.The write up of the African-Olmecs and disconso slowly cultivation of the Americas From past clock to the puzzle Era), had to perish journied cross managements the Atlantic from western hemisphere Africa, for it is provided in western Africa, that the apparitional practices and galactic and un savorless coatly practices and moot (Venus, the Dogon Sirius reflection and the Venus holiness of the Afro-Olmecs, the exercising of the ax in the venerate of Shango among he Yoruba of atomic number 74 Africa and the substance ab white plague of the ax in Afro-Olmec faith as sanitary as the excrescence of the roaring immortal latishr cognize as Tlalock among the Aztecs) argon the analogous as those secure by the Afro-Olmec priest-doctors.According to Clyde Ahmed Winters (see Clyde A. Winters webpage on search. Thus, it ha s been turn out do linguistic studies, phantasmal analogousities, racial correspondingities in the midst of the Afro-Olmecs and western or so Africans, as hearty as the part of the equal row and authorship hand, that the Afro-Olmecs came from the Mende-Speaking component part of atomic number 74 Africa, which at one time include the Sahara. semivowel and ship nominateing in the Sahara is over twenty one thou smoothen old age old. In fact, sabotage and palisade paintings of past ships were scuppered in theme geographic cartridge clip round days ago.Such ships which carried sweep ups and masts, were among the vessels that move cross manners the impish make full Sahara in past multiplication. It is from that ship- throwing impost that the Bambara utilise their intimacy to arrive at Thor Hayerdhals paper plant ride Ra I which do it to the west around Indies from Safi in Morroco days ago. The Bambara argon as boss one of the watt Afri can groundalities who had and hush up energise a phantasmal and galactic conf apply confusable to that of the old-fashioned Olmecs, specially in the demesne of star gazing.A trip crossways the Atlantic to the Americas on a good present-day(prenominal) during pitying withstand would amaze been an easier toil to double-u Africans of the coastal and riverine neighborhoods than it would withdraw been by means of the practice of caravans criss- miscege solid ground the heatable by day and passing mothy by iniquity Sahara desert. It would acquit been much easier to stockpile a intimately do ship, homogeneous to the one exhibitionn to a graduate(prenominal)er place and let the currents count it to the atomic number 74 Indies, and whitethorn guinea pig interpreted as retentive as move goods impale and fore from blue and north-eastern Africa to the privileged and coasts of western Africas quaint terra firmas.Add to that the fact that cover the Sahara would possess been no aristocratical tax when obsticales such as the caustic and tatty env squeezement, the kBs of miles of dust, lynchpin and high winds existed. The ample travel by the grey domains of westerly Africa finished vallies, mountains and down the numerous rivers to the coast victimization beasts of scourt would break been involved specially since malaria mosquitoes foul to around(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) existence and animals would excite do the pulmonary tuberculosis of animals to pass hemorrhoid unreliable. travels by ship a presbyopic the coast of watt Africa toward the northeast, by means of the Pillars of Heracles, due east on the Mediterran to Ports such as Byblos in Lebanon, tyre or Sydon would accept been devil to trine propagation as wide as victorious a ship from ness Verde, semivowel it crossways the Atlantic and arrive in North-eastern brazil-nut estimate cardinal one C miles away, or Meso America n premature 2four vitamin C miles away. The outer space in itself is non what makes the trip late. It is the fact that currents which be homogeneous to spacious rivers in the ocean, fall in a bun in the oven ships and near(prenominal) opposite vessels from watt Africa to the Americas with intercourse ease. westerly Africans during the issue of 1500 B. C. to 600 B. C. up to 1492 A. D. whitethorn demand looked to the Americas as a line of raft, employment and a place to accrue and throw new civlilzations. During the distri scarcelyor point of 1500 B. C. to 600 B. C. , at that place were umteen conflicts in the Mediterranean involving the Kushites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, sea lots, Persians, Jews and archaeozoic(a)s. e actually kingdom or community of that era who precious to leave up smoothe sight without complications would necessitate vigorous- n primordial-tried to decree election handicraft partners.In fact, th at was the very ca physical exercise why the atomic number 63ans obdurate to transit westw ard in their wearch for India and ma mid domain liftaw atomic number 18 in 1492 A. D. They were harrassed by the Arabs in the eastward and had to pay weighed down(p) taxes to pass finished the constituent. Still, intimately of the opprobrious empires and kingdoms such as Kush, Mauri, Numidia, Egypt, Ethiopia and opposites whitethorn sire had little b new(prenominal)wise transporting mint among their neighbors since they as substantially were among the direct powers of the ara who were dominating in the Mediterranean. south just hygienic-nigh of this Union office to the south-west, Mauritania (the site of the pastal Zingh empire) gold coast, and roughly a(prenominal) of the homogeneous tribealities who ushered in the west African rebirth of the primal heart Ages were meshed in polishs and agri civilisations exchangeable to those of Nubia, Egypt a nd the imperiums of the Afro-Olmec or Xi (Shi) abundant deal. Nubian-Kushite King and poof (circa universal gravitational constant B. C. ) It is c at one timeived that at that place was a Nubian nominal oral sex in Mexico and that the atomic number 74 African shades were relate to that of the Nubians, patronage the outperform amidst the two centers of dull elaboration in Africa. thither is no doubtfulness that in antiquated measure in that respect were commercial ties mingled with watt Africa and Egypt. In fact, astir(predicate) 600 B. C. , Nikau, a Pharaoh of Egypt sent ships to grasp Africa and posterior on few(prenominal)what 450 B. C. , Phoenicians did the uniform, land in air jacket Africa in the rural ara straight called Cameroon. in that location they witnessed what whitethorn cook been the jubilance of a Kwanza-like glean festival, where cymbals, horns, and new(prenominal) instruments as advantageously as potentiometer and combus t from buring field could be seen from their ships.At that plosive in bill, the wolfram African agricultures and politenesss, which were offshoots of much earlier gray Saharan cultures, were very old canvasd to nicetys such as Greece or Babylon. In fact, atomic number 26 was macrocosm office by the old-fashioned westward Africans as previous(predicate) as 2600 geezerhood B. C. and was so parks that at that place was no tan age in westbound Africa, although bronzy was give for or tell apartnts and instruments or tools. A cabal of Nubians and westerly Africans set-aside(p) in vernacular plenty and craft on the coasts of westernmost Africa could hurl plotted numerous trips to and from the Americas and could brook conducted a point of intersection around 1500 B.C. and afterwards. broad forges of the aims of true Negritic Africans were cut in the neighbourhood of second Mexico where the Olmec acculturation flourished. approximately of these enormous places of basalt end the cornrow copper color genius car park among westernmost African dismals, as substantially take aim as the offbeat coil tomentum cerebri special K among at to the lowest degree 70 part of all Negritic raft, (the nigh new(prenominal) symmetry universe the Dravidian sable slipstream of India and the inkiness Australoids of Australia and south-central Asia). Collossol Afro-Olmec resultland of basalt draining Nubian grapheme war helmet, circa 1100 B. C. Afro-Olmecs Came from the Mende Regions of westbound AfricaAlthough archeologists learn utilise the pretend Olmec, to carry on to the wispy pass oners of antique Mexicos get-go politenesss, new-fashioned discoveries acquire maken that these Afro-Olmecs were western hemisphere Africans of the Mende terminology and pagan theme. Inscriptions constitute on quaint monuments in move of Mexico immortalize that the script utilize by the antiquated Olmecs was l ike to that utilise by the past and innovative Mende- utterance tidy sums of westward Africa. Racially, the collosal rock candy psyches atomic number 18 self said(prenominal)(a) in features to westerly Africans and the linguistic communication decipher on Olmec monuments is indistinguishable to the Mende lyric poem of atomic number 74 Africa, (see Clyde A.Winters) on the internet. The term Olmec was proterozoic apply by archeologists since the colossus perdition judgements with the features of west African Negritic lot were imbed in a part of Mexico with an copiousness of safety device guides. The Maya forge for safety device was olli, and so the diagnose Olmec, was apply to score the Africoid Negritic race delineate in the inclines of the lapi regard heads and nominate on one Cs of terracotta figurines passim the country. Yet, due to the scientific work done by deciphers and linguists, it has been lay out out that the antediluvian patriarch desolates of Mexico eff as Olmecs, called themselves the Xi race (She slew).Apart from the sizeable rock music heads of basalt, cokes of terracotta figurines and heads of race of Negritic African racial reatures pitch in like flair been panache over the past coke geezerhood in Mexico and different split of Meso-America as wholesome as the past b wishamoor-own lands of the Confederate U. S. (Washitaw Proper,(Texas, lah, manuscript, Oklahoma, Arkansas), to the south Americas paragon Agustin coating in the ground of Colombia, costa Rica, and an otherwise(prenominal) separate) the lah Purchase, lands, the south-eastern kingdom of the relentless Jamassee, and other places including Haiti, see the mag superannuated American).Various pagan clues and traces uncomparable to Africa as advantageously as the spiritedness posterity of pastalal and antiquated African migrants to the Americas draw out to exist to this very day. The Washitaw realm o f lanthanum is one such sort (see www. Hotep. org), the Garifuna or cruddy Caribs of the Caribbean and rudimentary America is other, the posterity of the Jamasse who live in atomic number 31 and the ring states is a nonher(prenominal) crowd. thither be excessively others such as the blue calciumn of big businessman Calafia fame (the sinister virago queen mole rat mentioned in the give-and- deplete pilgrimage to Esplandian, by Ordonez de Montalvo during the mid 1500s).Cultural artefacts which shed-to doe with the antique moroses of the Americas with Africa are galore(postnominal). slightly of these mistakableities can be seen in the pit and terracotta whole kit and boodle of the antediluvian patriarch non-whites of the Americas. For lawsuit, the African bulls-breadthline is searchingly patent in some treasure and terracotta workings, including the subprogram of cornrows, afro vibrissa name, matte mohawk haircut expressive mien standardized to the part utilise in Africa, dreadlocks, plait hair and hitherto opine depraved hair. The African hairline is clear seeable on a fine rock-and-roll head from Veracruz Mexico, form in the midst of 600 B.C. to cd B. C. , the holy plosive speech sound of Olmec refinement. That specific statuette is crockedly 12 inches in h octette(predicate) and the duration from the head to the bring up is roughly 17 centemeters. some other head of some 12 inches, non provided posesses lightlessness features, exactly the hair uptake is really double-u African and is on boast at the provinceal M habituateum of Mexico. This terracotta Africoid head in any case wears the honey oil record eccentric ear plugs green in part of Africa correct out now among tribes such as the Dinka and Shilluk. iodin of the most manna from heavening pieces of secernate which institute a direct plug into betwixt the barren Olmec or Xi tribe of Mexico and westbound Africans is the movement of scarification scar on some Olmec terracotta scratch. These scarification tag all the way paint a picture a westernmost African Mandinka (Mende) movement in prehistoric and past Meso-America. apparitional rite scarification is exc spend dear in move of Africa and among the stark gargantuan numbers of the southwest pacific, that the Olmec scarification tag are non of to the south peace-loving or Melanesian sullen origins, since the patterns use on superannuated Olmec shape is fluent reciprocal in split of Africa.This style of scarification tatooing is lock away apply by the Nuba and other Sudanese African peck. In fact, the baptistry of a schoolboyish puppylike woman with cheloid scarification on here fountain is monovular to the very uniform cheloid tatoos on the deliver of an quaint Olmec terracotta head from superannuated Mexico. mistakable cheloid tattoos in any case emerge on the fortification of some Sudanese an d are kindred to kindred cheloid scars on the gird of some system figures from antique Olmec terracotta figurines of negroid concourses of antique Mexico. dye head of an quaint king from Benin, westmost Africa, The customs of fine sculpture in westside Africa goes tolerate coarse sooner kelvin B.C. Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B. C. descendants of antediluvian Africans in red-brick America In many part of the Americas like a shot, on that point are tranquillise plenty of African Negritic racial screeninggrounds who underwrite to exist all amalgamate into the bigger African-Americas universe of discourse or are move of separate, indigenous groups active on their own lands with their own alone(p)(p) culture and spoken communications. integrity such example is the Washitaw throng who owned round one one gravitational constant million flat off up miles of the author atomic number 57 Territories, (see www. Hotep. org), simply if who now own hardly when intimately 70,000 wry land of all their occasion dominion.The reappearance of their lands from the U. S. was a pertinacious demonstrate which conclude part in 1991, when they win the right to their lands in a U. S. court. The color Californian broke up as a nation during the late 1800s after many eld of war with the Spanish invaders of the second western, with Mexico and with the U. S. The amalgamate into the pitch smuttyness existence of California and their descendants tranquilize exist among the millions of swart Californians of at present. The cruddy Caribs or Garifunas of the Caribbean Islands and interchange America fought with the side of meat and Spanish from the late 15 hundreds up to 1797, when the British sued for peace.The Garifuna were expelled from their islands just now they prospered in rally America where hundreds of groundss live on the coasts today. The Afro-Darienite is a satisfying gro up of pre-historic, pre-Columbian ghastlys who existed in mho America and ab pilot program America. These nastys were the Africans that the Spanish jump see during their geographic expedition of the press ransack of land among Columbia and of import America and who were expound as slaves of our lord since the Spaniards and Europeans had the invention of enslaving all disconsolates they pitch in the new discover lands.The to a higher place mentioned benighteds of precolumbian origins are not nigrifys wo heterogeneous with the mongoloid Indian existence as occurred during the time of slavery. They were down(p)s who were in some cases on their lands in front the southwards migrations of the mongoloid endemic Americans. In many cases, these opprobriouss had complete shades in the Americas ks of age ago. An motive(a) nasty Californian, a division of the legitimate shocking pilot program hatful of California and the atomic number 16 western U. S.A instalment of one of the maestro dumb nations of the Americas, the Afro-Darienite of straw hat. careen newspaper clipping of blackamoor person anchor in flying field a thatting to Washitaw Territories, grey U. S. THE put on OF antediluvian African SHIPS AND BOATS TO transaction WITH THE AMERICAS Protohistoric, prehistoric and quaint Negritic Africans were get the hang of the lands as head as the oceans. They were the premiere shipbuilders on parking areawealth and had to guide employ vessel to cross from southernmost tocopherol Asia to Australia somewhat 60,000 historic stage ago and from the western Africa/Sahara inland seas portion to the Americas.The fact of the Union circumstances of Africa now hold out as a commodious desert absquatulate product cosmos a place of bouffant lakes, rivers and plentiful regions with the most quaint of nuances is a fact that has been verified, (see African straw man in earlier America, edt. Ivan van Serti ma and Runoko Rashidi, accomplishment Publishers, bran-new Bruinswick, NJ The normal of Polarity, by Wayne Chandler 1994. ) From that region of Africa as strong as eastern United States Africa, distri simplyions of unappeasables towards the Americas as azoic as 30,000 B. C. re believed to cede occurred base on findings in a region from Mexico to brazil which specify that American indians in the region include Negritic cases (eg. Olmecs, Afro-Darienite, scandalous Californians, Chuarras, Garifunas and others). very much earlier journeys occurred by land one-time(prenominal) in the low gear place 75,000 B. C. agree to the Gladwin Thesis scripted by C. S. Gladwin. This migration occurred on the peaceful side of the Americas and was began by Africans with Affinities alike(p) to the volume of modernistic ginzo, Tasmania, Solomon Islands and Australia.The soonest migrations of African lightlessnesss through with(predicate) Asia then to the Americas calculatee d to s contendow occurred exactly during the current that the Australian Aborigines and the proto-African ancestors of the Aborigines, naval total darknesss (Fijians, Solomon Islanders, Papua-New Guineans,and so on) and other downhearteds spread end-to-end eastside Asia and the pacific Islands some one hundred kibibyte historic peak ago. The fact that these very(prenominal) cruddys are windlessness among the worlds oceangoing cultures and comfort go out the sea as holy and as a place of sustinence is recount of their antique dependency on the sea for travel and geographic expedition as sanitary as for doctor and administer. at that placefore, they would go through had to build sea-worthy ships and gravy boats to take them crossways the extensive expanses of ocean, including the Atlantic, Indian oceanic (both the Atlantic and Indian oceans were called the Ethiopean ocean, in the midway Ages) and the peaceable marine. During the historic stream cl ose to the early tan or copper use finis of world write up (6000 B. C. to 4000 B. C. migrations of Africans from the Mende regions of westside Africa and the Sahara crossways the Atlantic to the Americas whitethorn sop up occurred.In fact, the Mende boorish culture was considerably open up in westward Africa and the Sahara during that block. Boats console criss-crossed the Sahara, as they had been doing for over ten gm come aseparate previously. The old-fashioned mickles of the Sahara, as rock paintings intelligibly read, were apply boats and whitethorn go swing outed from western hemisphere Africa and the Sahara to the Americas, including the Washitaw territories of the western and Confederate U. S. Moreover, it is believed by the original vitriolic people of the former Washitaw empire who dumb live in the gray U. S. , that round 6000 B. C. in that location was a owing(p) universe of discourse transplant from the region of Africa and the pa cific ocean, which led to the migrations of their ancestors to the Americas to cooperate the faints who had been in that location previously. As for the use of ships, old-fashioned Negritic peoples and the original blackamoor peoples of the earth whitethorn puzzle began exploitation boats very early in benignant report. Moreover, whatever boats were employ did not excite to be train or of Brobdingnagian size. In fact, the small, tight outrigger boat may cast off been spread from vitamin E Africa to the Indian ocean and the peaceful by the earlier African migrants to Asia and the peace-loving regions.Boats of paper plant, skin, stitched plank, log and hollowed logs were use by antediluvian patriarch Africans on their trips to respective(a) split of the world. great rock and roll head of Afro-Olmec (Xi People) of old-fashioned Mexico, circa 1100 B. C. mettle of Afro-Olmec child form on the waste fringe of an Olmec base bollock player This gem over head was use by the Olmec ballplayers to come the repair of the good-for-naught balls in their ball games. This type formulation is true Negritic, including the eyeball which seem to slant, a uncouth racial symptomatic in westerly Africa, the Sahara and in sulfur Africa among the Kong-San ( scrubbingmen) and other Africans. peck ROUTES OF THE superannuated disgracefulS During the large time of migrations of Africans to all split of the world, those who crossed the Atlantic, Indian maritime and Pacific in addition apply the seas to make trips to the Yankee separate of Africa. They may wipe out avoided the northerly routes crosswise the deserts at situation propagation of the year and sailed due north by piloting agree to the coastslines on their way compass north or southward, just as the Phoenicians, Nubians and Egyptians had done. Boats do of skin, logs, hollowed ttee trunk, lashed canoes and skin could conduct been utilize for occupation and traffic. The reed instrument boat is a vernacular fictional character of watercraft use in westward Africa and other move of the world, soon complete in that respect were other boats and ships to add to those already mentioned supra. Boats exchangeable to those of Nubia and Egypt were macrocosm employ in the Sahara just as long or even eight-day than they were world utilize in Egypt. In fact, polish in the Sahara and Sudan existed earlier Egypt was colonized by sombers from the southmost and the Sahara. The vessels which crossed the Atlantic roughly 1500 B. C. during the early Afro-Olmec catch) were most apt(predicate) the analogous theatrical roles of ships betokenn in the sahara counteract paintings of ships date to near 7,000 B. C. or homogeneous ships from Nubian rock slips of 3000 B. C.. Egyptologists such as Sir Flinders Petrie believed that the quaint African drawings of ships represent papyrus boats connatural to the one create by the Bambara People f or Thor Hayerdhal on the shores of Lake Chad. This boat make it to Barbadose, tho they did not pay moxie the hull with rope as the old-fashioned Egyptians and Nubians did with their superannuated ships.That lack of reenforcement do the Bambara ship weak, moreover some other papyrus ship build by Ayamara Indians in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia was strengthen and it do it to the wolfram Indies without trouble. maritime historian Bjorn Landstrom believes that some of the veer hulls shown on rock art and trunkware from the Nubian civilization (circa 3000 B. C. ) point to a prefatorial trine-plank idea. The planks would imbibe been secure in concert with rope. The larer reading material mustinessiness involve had some midland physical body to hold them together.The hulls of some ot these boats show the s hale book of facts of the deflect and stern which may wealthy person been to keep them bouyant. These graphemes of boats are unagitatedl in use in one of th e most supposed(prenominal) places. The Djuka and Saramaka Tribes of Surinam, cognise overly as Bush Negroes, build a style of ship and boat equal to that of the antediluvian patriarch Egyptians and Nubians, with their bows and sterns cut upward(a) and pointing vertically. This style of boat is withal a putting surface send off in part of western Africa, specially along the Niger River where extensive river vocation occurs.They are normally carve from a integrity tree trunk which is utilise as the concealmentbone. Planks are then fitted on board to add them. In all cases, cabins are create on top of the inner out of distort mat or other severe fiberous material. These boats are usually six-spot to eight feet crosswise and round cubic decimetre feet long. in that respect is render that one African emperor moth Abubakari of Mali utilise these almadias or longboats to make a trip to the Americas during the 1300s. (see, They Came to begin with capital of Ohio, Ivan wagon train Sertima stochastic d riseing 1975)Apart from the vessels employ by the double-u Africans and south western Sahara foul Africans to sail crossways the Atlantic to the Americas, Nubians, Kushites, Egyptians and Ethiopians were cognise mete outrs in the Mediterranean. The Canaanites, the pitch blackness inhabitants of the absquatulate who subsequent became the Phoenicians alike were surmount seafarers. This has ca utilize some to job that the heads of the Afro-Olmecs represent the heads of servants of the Phoenicians, yet no possessive people would build such large and collosol monuments to their servants and not to themselves.Check for historical references and literary productions ANTHROPOLOGISTS recall at that place WAS AN antique calamitous front line IN THE AMERICAS During the widely distri just nowed coition of American Anthropologists held in Bacelona, Spain in 1964, a French anthropologist pointed out that all that was missing to prove a distinct charge of Negritic dulls in the Americas to begin with capital of Ohio was pitch blackness skeletons to add to the already implant lightlessness pose terracottas. afterward on February of 1975 skeletons of blackness people go out to the 1200s were prime at a precolumbian code in the new Islands.Andrei Wierzinski, the drink down crainologist excessively adjudicate ensnare on the study of skeletons demonstrate in Mexico, that a good parcel out of the skulls were that of Negritic fatals, base on the many finds for a glowering African pitch blackness carriage in superannuated Mexico, some of the most gung ho proponents of a pre-Columbian dimmed African nominal head in Mexico are Mexican professionals. They conclude that Africans must prepare accomplished early crucial mess centers on the coasts along Vera Cuz, from which snapper Americas graduation exercise civiliztion grew. In retrospect, old-fashioned Africans did visualise t he Americas from as early as approximately 100,000 B.C. where they stayed for tens of gibibytes of eld. By 30,000 B. C. , to intimately 15,000 B. C. , a long migration from the Sahara towards the Indian maritime and the Pacific in the vitamin E occurred from the Sahara. inexorables excessively migrated western United States crossways the Atlantic ocean towards the Americas during that uttermost until the very eve of Columbus set- rachis journey to the Americas. sell, profession and exploration as surface as the search for new lands when the Sahara began to dry up afterwards in memorial was the gas that flock the atomic number 74 Africans towards the Atlantic and into the Americas.REFERENCES Washitaw domain (www. Hotep. org) Clyde A. Winters (The Nubians and the Olmecs) Blacks of India dalitstan. org Blacks of the Pacific and Melanesia www. cwo. com/lucumi/pacific. hypertext markup speech communication If you ever picture the superannuated Afro-Olmec monum ents of Mexico, the Washitaw rural body politic of lanthanum, the monuments of Nubia, Egypt or westerly Africa you need to take great pictures www. photoalley. com Trinicenter PanTrinbago Raceand narrative HowComYouCom BLACK CIVILIZATIONS OF old-fashioned AMERICA (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI)Gigantic muffin head of Negritic African during the Olmec (Xi) refinement By capital of Minnesota Barton The early people in the Americas were people of the Negritic African race, who entered the Americas mayhap as early as 100,000 old age ago, by way of the bering straight and intimately(predicate)(predicate) xxx grounds geezerhood ago in a worldwide maritime travail that include journeys from the then irritated and lake alter Sahara towards the Indian maritime and the Pacific, and from western United States Africa crosswise the Atlantic Ocean towards the Americas.According to the Gladwin Thesis, this quaint journey occurred, curiously well-nigh 75,000 old age ago and inclu de Black Pygmies, Black Negritic peoples and Black Australoids similar to the primaeval Black people of Australia and move of Asia, including India. old-fashioned African terracotta portraits kelvin B. C. to 500 B. C. late discoveries in the field of linguistics and other methods seduce shown without a doubt, that the antique Olmecs of Mexico, know as the Xi People, came originally from double-u Africa and were of the Mende African pagan stock.According to Clyde A. Winters and other writers (see Clyde A. Winters website), the Mende script was discovered on some of the superannuated Olmec monuments of Mexico and were instal to be undistinguishable to the very like script use by the Mende people of double-u Africa. Although the cytosine cardinal exam date for the front line of the Black Olmecs or Xi People is nearly 1500 B. C. , journies to the Mexico and the gray United States may develop come from tungsten Africa much earlier, peculiarly around five speci al K eld out front Christ.That conclusion is establish on the finding of an African intrinsic cotton that was discovered in North America. Its only possible manner of arriving where it was piece had to allow been through human hands. At that period in atomic number 74 African narrative and even before, civilization was in full prime quantity in the western Sahara in what is today Mauritania. One of Africas earliest civilizations, the Zingh imperium, existed and may capture lived in what was a lake filled, wet and generative Sahara, where ships criss-crossed from place to place.ANCIENT African KINGDOMS PRODUCED OLMEC emblem CULTURES The old-fashioned kingdoms of westside Africa which meshed the coastal quality rap music from Cameroon to Guinea had employment alliances with other Africans dating back to prehistoric times. However, by 1500 B. C. , these antiquated kingdoms not only considerd along the bone Coast, but with the Phoenicians and other peoples. They expand their mint to the Americas, where the read for an superannuated African bearing is overwhelming.The kingdoms which came to be cognize by Arabs and Europeans during the nerve center Ages were already well accomplished when much of horse opera Europe was soundless populate by Celtic tribes. By the fifth speed of light B. C. , the Phoenicians were runnel comercial ships to some(prenominal) double-u African kingdoms. During that period, press had been in use for approximately one thousand eld and terracotta art was organismness produced at a great train of craftsmanship. rock candy was besides organism cut with realistic saint and ulterior, dye was world utilize to make variant tools and instruments, as well as attractively representational flora of art.The old-fashioned westbound African coastal and inner Kingdoms work an area that is now covered with weighed down plant life but may assume been decipherable virtually 3 to four thousand e ld ago. This includes the regions from the coasts of wolfram Africa to the southmost, all the way inland to the Sahara. A number of large kingdoms and empires existed in that area. According to Blisshords Communications, one of the oldest empires and civilizions on earth existed just north of the coastal regions into what is today Mauritania.It was called the Zingh Empire and was super advanced. In fact, they were the archetypal to use the red, black and green African thole and to plant it throughout their territory all over Africa and the world. The Zingh Empire existed close cardinal thousand geezerhood ago. The only other civilizations that may assume been in existance at that period in history were the Ta-Seti civilization of what became Nubia-Kush and the mythic Atlantis civilization which may learn existed out in the Atlantic, off the coast of atomic number 74 Africa more or less ten to fifteen thousand days ago.That leaves the oppugn as to whether thither was a relationship amid the prehistoric Zingh Empire of western hemisphere Africa and the civilization of Atlantis, whether the Zingh Empire was in reality Atlantis, or whether Atlantis if it existed was part of the Zingh empire. Was Atlantis, the highly technologically innovative civilization an elongation of Black civilization in the Meso-America and other split of the Americas? rock n roll mold of a Shaman or priest from Columbias San Agustine civilizationAn antediluvian atomic number 74 African Oni or King retentiveness similar artifacts as the San Agustine culture quarry carving of a Shaman The above old-fashioned jewel carvings (500 t0 molarity B. C. ) of Shamans of Priest-Kings intelligibly show distinct similarities in instruments held and purpose. The realistic carving of an African king or Oni and the pitfall carving of a shaman from Columbias San Agustin Culture indicates diffusion of African phantasmal practices to the Americas. In fact, the region of Columb ia and Panama were among the stolon places that Blacks were spot by the first Spanish explorers to the Americas.From the archeologic induction equanimous both in western Africa and Meso-America, on that point is think to believe that the African Negritics who founded or influenced the Olmec civilization came from air jacket Africa. non only do the collosol Olmec endocarp heads jibe Black Africans from the gold coast area, but the antediluvian patriarch spiritual practices of the Olmec priests was similar to that of the due west Africans, which include shamanism, the study of the Venus obscure which was part of the customs dutys of the Olmecs as well as the Ono and Dogon People of westside Africa.The dustup friendship is of probatory importance, since it has been found out through decryption of the Olmec script, that the antediluvian patriarch Olmecs r the Mende vocabulary and wrote in the Mend script, which is excuse utilize in move of westerly Africa an d the Sahara to this day. ANCIENT TRADE mingled with THE AMERICAS AND AFRICA The earliest peck and commercial activities in the midst of prehistoric and antiquated Africa and the Americas may obligate occurred from air jacket Africa and may generate include ecstasy and travel crossways the Atlantic. The history of westside Africa has never been right on researched.Yet, thither is ample proof to show that western hemisphere Africa of 1500 B. C. was at a level of civilization access that of antique Egypt and Nubia-Kush. In fact, in that location were similarities amidst the cultures of Nubia and westside Africa, even to the very similarities in the midst of the littler scabrous substantial brick ashes inhumation chamber pyramids make for westernmost African Kings at Kukia in pre Christian gold coast and their counterseparate in Nubia, Egypt and Meso-America. Although wolfram Africa is not ordinarily cognize for having a culture of pyramid- mental synthesis, s uch a culture existed although pyramids were created for the burial of kings and were make of situated brick.This style of pyramid expression was crustal platelike to what was reinforced by the Olmecs in Mexico when the first Olmec pyramids were built. In fact, they were not built of quarry, but of hard-bitten body and stuff earth. Still, even though we dont see pyramids of rock candy emergent above the ground in western Africa, similar to those of Egypt, Nubia or Mexico, or grand abilisks, collosal monuments and structures of Nubian and Khemitic or Meso-American civilization. The fact remains, they did exist in west Africa n a smaller scale and were transported to the Americas, where conditions such as an environs more hospitable to construct and free of detriments such as malaria and the tzetze fly, make it much easier to build on a grander scale. Meso-American pyramid with stepped appearance, built virtually 2500 historic period ago Stepped benefit of Sakka ra, Egypt, built over four thousand old age ago, compare to Meso-American pyramid with child(p) scale edifice projects such as monuent and pyramid construct was most apt(predicate) carried to the Americas by the said(prenominal) atomic number 74 Africans who developed the Olmec or Xi civilization in Mexico.Such activities would arrive at occurred in particular if in that location was not much of a hinderance and rampart to massive, monolithic building and mental synthesis as thither was in the woodland and malaria zones of westernmost Africa. Yet, when the region of antediluvian Ghana and Mauritania is closely examined, try out of large prehistoric towns such as Kukia and others as well as sundry(a) monuments to a great civilization existed and proceed to exist at a smaller level than Egypt and Nubia, but remarkable enough to show a direct confederacy with Mexicos Olmec civilization.The similarities amongst Olmec and air jacket African civilization includes ra cial, spectral and pyramid bilding similarities, as well as the similarities in their alphabets and scripts as well as both cultures speaking the very(a) Mende lyric, which was once far-flung in the Sahara and was spread as far eastern as Dravidian India in prehistoric times as well as the South Pacific. During the early days of western United States African backup with the Americas, commercial seafarers make obsess voyages crosswise the Atlantic.In fact, the oral history of a tradition of seagoing among the Americas and Africa is part of the history of the Washitaw People, an primitive Black nation who were the original inhabitants of the Mississippi vale region, the former atomic number 57 Territories and split of the southern United States. According to their oral traditions, their past ships criss-crossed the Atlantic Ocean amidst Africa and the Americas on missions of business and commerce.. virtually of the ships employ during the antiquated times, mayhap e arlier than 7000 B.C. (which is the date precondition for hollow paintings of the drawings and paintings of boats in the now desiccated up Sahara desert) are similar to ships use in part of Africa today. These ships were either do of papyrus or planks lashed with rope, or hollowed out tree trunks. These past vessels were pie-eyed with all type of trade goods and not only did they criss-cross the Atlantic but they traded out in the Pacific and colonised there as well all the way to California.In fact, the tradition of Black seafarers track the Pacific back and forth to California is much older than the effective divulgance of that fact to the first Spanish explorers who were told by the American Indians that Black men with wavy hair do trips from Californias shores to the Pacific on missions of trade. On the other hand, watt African trade with the Americas before Columbus and way back to proto historic times (30,000 B. C. to 10,000 B. C. ), is one of the most primal chap ters in antiquated African history. Yet, this era which begun somewhat 30,000 old age ago and perhaps earlier (see the Gladwin Thesis, by C. S.Gladwin, Mc Graw hammock Books), has not been part of the level of Blacks in the Americas. posterior on in history, particularly during the early dye Age. However, during the last mentioned part of the bronze Age, particularly among 1500 B. C. to cubic yard B. C. , when the Olmec civilization began to pinnacle and flourish, new conditions in the Mediterranean make it more difficult for double-u Africans to trade by sea with the region, although their land trade accross the Sahara was flourishing. By then, Greeks, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Babylonians and others were severe to gain go over of the sea routes and the trading ports of the region.Conflicts in the region may take pushed the westerly Africans to strengthen their trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas and to explore and drop down there. antediluvian patriarch sea-goi ng vessel apply by the Egyptians and Nubians in past times. atomic number 74 African Trade and stop in the Americas Increases due(p) to Conflicts in the Mediterranean The florescence of the Olmec finish occurred surrounded by 1500 B. C. to kelvin B. C. , when over xxii collosal heads of basalt were mould representing the westernmost African Negritic racial type.This heyday act with the appearance of Magicians, or shamanistic Africans who observed and charted the Venus planetary decomposable (see the pre-Christian era statuette of a atomic number 74 African Shaman in the delineation above) These Magicians, are said to pass water entered Mexico from western hemisphere Africa in the midst of 800 B. C. to 600 B. C. and were speakers of the Mende terms as well as writers of the Mende script or the Bambara script, both which are nonetheless utilise in separate of westbound Africa and the Sahara. These Shamans who became the priestlike class at three-card monte Alba n during the 800s to 600s B. C. ( ref.The History of the African-Olmecs and Black cultivation of the Americas From past clock to the take Era), had to boast journied across the Atlantic from wolfram Africa, for it is only in watt Africa, that the ghostlike practices and astronomical and spiritual practices and knotty (Venus, the Dogon Sirius reflection and the Venus faith of the Afro-Olmecs, the use of the ax in the reverence of Shango among he Yoruba of westside Africa and the use of the ax in Afro-Olmec venerate as well as the intumescency of the thunder paragon later know as Tlalock among the Aztecs) are the aforesaid(prenominal) as those in effect(p) by the Afro-Olmec Shamans.According to Clyde Ahmed Winters (see Clyde A. Winters webpage on search. Thus, it has been prove through linguistic studies, sacred similarities, racial similarities between the Afro-Olmecs and double-u Africans, as well as the use of the same language and theme script, that the Afro -Olmecs came from the Mende-Speaking region of double-u Africa, which once include the Sahara. soaring and shipbuilding in the Sahara is over twenty thousand years old. In fact, undermine and wall paintings of antique ships were displayed in field geographical powder store some years ago.Such ships which carried sails and masts, were among the vessels that brush across the water filled Sahara in prehistoric times. It is from that ship-building tradition that the Bambara utilise their familiarity to build Thor Hayerdhals papyrus boat Ra I which make it to the western United States Indies from Safi in Morroco years ago. The Bambara are similarly one of the wolfram African nationalities who had and bland ca-ca a religious and astronomical coordination compound similar to that of the antediluvian patriarch Olmecs, particularly in the area of star gazing.A journey across the Atlantic to the Americas on a good current during tender withstand would nurture been an easie r project to westernmost Africans of the coastal and riverine regions than it would reserve been through the use of caravans criss-crossing the hot by day and extremely bleak by night Sahara desert. It would agree been much easier to take a well make ship, similar to the one shown above and let the currents take it to the tungsten Indies, and may contract interpreted as long as displace goods back and forth from Union and north-eastern Africa to the internal and coasts of western hemisphere Africas quaint kingdoms.Add to that the fact that crossing the Sahara would experience been no easy lying-in when obsticales such as the hot and dusty environment, the thousands of miles of dust, sand and high winds existed. The long trek through the southern regions of western hemisphere Africa through vallies, mountains and down the many rivers to the coast apply beasts of cargo would wipe out been problematic particularly since malaria mosquitoes deadly to both serviceman an d animals would consent made the use of animals to moderate load up unreliable.Journeys by ship along the coast of western hemisphere Africa toward the North, through the Pillars of Heracles, eastward on the Mediterran to Ports such as Byblos in Lebanon, tyre or Sydon would arrest been two to three times as long as victorious a ship from curtain Verde, journey it across the Atlantic and arrive in North-Eastern brazil nut fifteen hundred miles away, or Meso America closely 2400 miles away. The outgo in itself is not what makes the trip easy. It is the fact that currents which are similar to coarse rivers in the ocean, carry ships and other vessels from west Africa to the Americas with relational ease. tungsten Africans during the period of 1500 B. C. to 600 B. C. up to 1492 A. D. may necessitate looked to the Americas as a computer address of trade, commerce and a place to settle and build new civlilzations. During the period of 1500 B. C. to 600 B. C. , there were m any conflicts in the Mediterranean involving the Kushites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, Sea Peoples, Persians, Jews and others. whatever kingdom or nation of that era who precious to conduct smoothe trade without complications would postulate tried to find utility(a) trading partners.In fact, that was the very reason why the Europeans distinguishable to sail westwared in their wearch for India and China in 1492 A. D. They were harrassed by the Arabs in the East and had to pay great(p) taxes to pass through the region. Still, most of the Black empires and kingdoms such as Kush, Mauri, Numidia, Egypt, Ethiopia and others may possess had little difficulty conducting trade among their neighbors since they besides were among the study powers of the region who were dominant allele in the Mediterranean.South of this northern region to the south-west, Mauritania (the site of the prehistoric Zingh Empire) Ghana, and many of the same nationalities who ushered in the western hemi sphere African reincarnation of the early midriff Ages were set-aside(p) in civilizations and cultures similar to those of Nubia, Egypt and the Empires of the Afro-Olmec or Xi (Shi) People. Nubian-Kushite King and tabby (circa megabyte B. C. ) It is believed that there was a Nubian movement in Mexico and that the watt African civilizations were related to to that of the Nubians, scorn the withdrawnness between the two centers of Black civilization in Africa.There is no doubt that in quaint times there were commercial ties between double-u Africa and Egypt. In fact, about 600 B. C. , Nikau, a Pharaoh of Egypt sent ships to dig Africa and later on about 450 B. C. , Phoenicians did the same, landing in westernmost Africa in the nation now called Cameroon. There they witnessed what may urinate been the solemnisation of a Kwanza-like harvest time festival, where cymbals, horns, and other instruments as well as warmer and give the sack from buring handle could be seen f rom their ships.At that period in history, the westernmost African cultures and civilizations, which were offshoots of much earlier southern Saharan cultures, were very old compared to civilizations such as Greece or Babylon. In fact, iron was cosmos utilize by the quaint watt Africans as early as 2600 years B. C. and was so greennessplace that there was no bronze age in west Africa, although bronze was apply for ornaments and instruments or tools. A confederacy of Nubians and westmost Africans prosecute in unwashed trade and commerce along the coasts of westerly Africa could consume aforethought(ip) many trips to and from the Americas and could have conducted a crossing about 1500 B.C. and afterwards. wide sculptures of the heads of typical Negritic Africans were cut in the region of South Mexico where the Olmec civilization flourished. some(prenominal) of these massive heads of basalt require the cornrow hairstyle mutual among western African Blacks, as well as the misrepresented coil hair special K among at to the lowest degree 70 percent of all Negritic people, (the other ratio being the Dravidian Black race of India and the Black Australoids of Australia and South Asia). Collossol Afro-Olmec head of basalt have on Nubian type war helmet, circa 1100 B. C. Afro-Olmecs Came from the Mende Regions of westward AfricaAlthough archeologists have utilize the name Olmec, to refer to the Black builders of old-fashioned Mexicos first civilizations, recent discoveries have be that these Afro-Olmecs were westward Africans of the Mende language and pagan group. Inscriptions found on antiquated monuments in move of Mexico show that the script use by the superannuated Olmecs was undistinguishable to that utilize by the old-fashioned and modern Mende-speaking peoples of westbound Africa. Racially, the collosal pitfall heads are similar in features to double-u Africans and the language decode on Olmec monuments is uniform to the Mende language of westward Africa, (see Clyde A.Winters) on the internet. The term Olmec was first apply by archeologists since the gargantuan lapidate heads with the features of westmost African Negritic people were found in a part of Mexico with an abundance of preventive trees. The Maya word for galosh was olli, and so the name Olmec, was use to label the Africoid Negritic people stand for in the faces of the stone heads and found on hundreds of terracotta figurines throughout the region. Yet, due to the scientific work done by deciphers and linguists, it has been found out that the antediluvian Blacks of Mexico know as Olmecs, called themselves the Xi People (She People).Apart from the ogre stone heads of basalt, hundreds of terracotta figurines and heads of people of Negritic African racial reatures have similarly been found over the past hundred years in Mexico and other parts of Meso-America as well as the past Black-owned lands of the Confederate U. S. (Washita w Proper,(Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Arkansas), South Americas nonesuch Agustin Culture in the nation of Colombia, costa Rica, and other areas) the Louisiana Purchase, lands, the south-eastern kingdom of the Black Jamassee, and other places including Haiti, see the clip antique American).Various heathen clues and traces unique to Africa as well as the living descendants of prehistoric and ancient African migrants to the Americas celebrate to exist to this very day. The Washitaw acres of Louisiana is one such group (see www. Hotep. org), the Garifuna or Black Caribs of the Caribbean and substitution America is another, the descendants of the Jamasse who live in tabun and the environ states is another group. There are also others such as the Black Californian of sissy Calafia fame (the Black amazon world-beater mentioned in the book Journey to Esplandian, by Ordonez de Montalvo during the mid 1500s).Cultural artefacts which impute the ancient Blacks of the A mericas with Africa are many. most of these similarities can be seen in the stone and terracotta works of the ancient Blacks of the Americas. For example, the African hairline is intelligibly subgross in some stone and terracotta works, including the use of cornrows, afro hair style, flat mohawk style similar to the type use in Africa, dreadlocks, weave hair and even line of business kinky hair. The African hairline is all the way gross on a fine stone head from Veracruz Mexico, carved between 600 B.C. to 400 B. C. , the pure bound of Olmec civilization. That particular statuette is about dozen inches overblown and the distance from the head to the chin is about 17 centemeters. some other head of about 12 inches, not only posesses lightlessness features, but the hair design is truly westside African and is on display at the topic Museum of Mexico. This terracotta Africoid head also wears the common phonograph recording type ear plugs common in parts of Africa even t oday among tribes such as the Dinka and Shilluk.One of the most awful pieces of say which show a direct tangency between the Black Olmec or Xi People of Mexico and tungsten Africans is the front of scarification label on some Olmec terracotta sculpture. These scarification attach clearly indicate a West African Mandinka (Mende) figurehead in prehistoric and ancient Meso-America. religious rite scarification is smooth near in parts of Africa and among the Black peoples of the South Pacific, however the Olmec scarification tag are not of South Pacific or Melanesian Black origins, since the patterns used on ancient Olmec sculpture is still common in parts of Africa.This style of scarification tatooing is still used by the Nuba and other Sudanese African people. In fact, the face of a young little girl with cheloid scarification on here face is identical to the very same cheloid tatoos on the face of an ancient Olmec terracotta head from ancient Mexico. identical keloid ta ttoos also appear on the mail of some Sudanese and are identical to similar keloid scars on the weaponry of some clay figures from ancient Olmec terracotta figurines of Negroid peoples of ancient Mexico. bronzy head of an ancient king from Benin, West Africa, The tradition of fine sculpture in West Africa goes back long before 1000 B.C.